Glaciers: Fragile Mirrors of Climate Change
Glaciers act as fragile mirrors of climate change, storing ancient climate data, supplying freshwater, and signaling the planet’s warming through their rapid retreat.
November 2, 2025
Oceans & Ice
Changes in the world’s oceans, ice masses, and related coastal impacts.
Why Glaciers Have Been Retreating Since 1850
Glaciers have been shrinking since the mid‑19th century because rising global temperatures, amplified by human activities and natural feedbacks, drive melt faster than
November 2, 2025
How Much of Sea Level Rise Comes From Glaciers vs. Ice Sheets?
Glaciers and the massive ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica together drive sea‑level rise, but ice sheets currently contribute roughly twice as much
November 1, 2025
How Much Do Sea Levels Rise Each Year on Average?
Sea levels are rising at an average of about 3.3 mm per year since the early 1990s, driven by thermal expansion and ice melt,
November 1, 2025
How Climate Change Is Disrupting Marine Ecosystems
Climate change is altering ocean temperature, chemistry, and oxygen levels, reshaping marine ecosystems, threatening biodiversity, and affecting human societies that depend on the
October 30, 2025
How Rising Sea Levels Will Affect Future Generations
Rising sea levels, driven by thermal expansion and ice melt, will reshape coastlines, economies, ecosystems and the lives of future generations, making understanding
October 30, 2025
